内容提示：通过自动化过程，使用诸如 Visual C# .NET 这样的语言编写的应用程序就可以用编程方式来控制其他应用程序。利用 Excel 的自动化功能，您可以执行诸如新建工作簿、向工作簿添加数据或创建图表等操作。对于 Excel 和其他 Microsoft Office 应用程序，几乎所有可以通过用户界面手动执行的操作也都可以通过使用“自动化”功能以编程方式来执行。

Excel 通过一种对象模型来公开这一程序功能。该对象模型是一些类和方法的集合，这些类和方法充当 Excel 的逻辑组件。例如，有 Application 对象、Workbook 对象和 Worksheet 对象，其中每一种对象都包含 Excel 中那些组件的功能。要从 Visual C# .NET 访问该对象模型，可以设置对类型库的项目引用。

本文将阐述如何为 Visual C# .NET 设置对 Excel 类型库的适当项目引用，并提供使 Excel 自动运行的代码示例。

为 Microsoft Excel 创建自动化客户端

1. 启动 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET。

2. 在文件菜单上，单击新建，然后单击项目。从 Visual C# 项目类型中选择 Windows 应用程序。Form1 是默认创建的窗体。

3. 添加对 Microsoft Excel 对象库的引用。为此，请按照下列步骤操作：

a.  在项目菜单上，单击添加引用。
b.  在 COM 选项卡上，找到 Microsoft Excel 对象库，然后单击选择。

注意：Microsoft Office 2003 包含主 Interop 程序集 (PIA)。Microsoft Office XP 不包含 PIA，但您可以下载 PIA。有关 Office XP PIA 的更多信息，请单击下面的文章编号，以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章：
328912 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/328912/) Microsoft Office XP 主 interop 程序集 (PIA) 可供下载

c.  在添加引用对话框中单击确定以接受您的选择。如果系统提示您为选定的库生成包装，请单击是。
 
4. 在视图菜单上，选择工具箱以显示工具箱，然后向 Form1 添加一个按钮。

5. 双击 Button1。出现该窗体的代码窗口。

6. 在代码窗口中，将以下代码private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
}
　　
替换为： private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
 Excel.Application oXL;
 Excel._Workbook oWB;
 Excel._Worksheet oSheet;
 Excel.Range oRng;

try
 {
  //Start Excel and get Application object.
  oXL = new Excel.Application();
  oXL.Visible = true;

//Get a new workbook.
  oWB = (Excel._Workbook)(oXL.Workbooks.Add( Missing.Value ));
  oSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)oWB.ActiveSheet;

//Add table headers going cell by cell.
  oSheet.Cells[1, 1] = "First Name";
  oSheet.Cells[1, 2] = "Last Name";
  oSheet.Cells[1, 3] = "Full Name";
  oSheet.Cells[1, 4] = "Salary";

//Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center.
  oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").Font.Bold = true;
  oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").VerticalAlignment =
   Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
 
  // Create an array to multiple values at once.
  string[,] saNames = new string[5,2];
 
  saNames[ 0, 0] = "John";
  saNames[ 0, 1] = "Smith";
  saNames[ 1, 0] = "Tom";
  saNames[ 1, 1] = "Brown";
  saNames[ 2, 0] = "Sue";
  saNames[ 2, 1] = "Thomas";
  saNames[ 3, 0] = "Jane";
  saNames[ 3, 1] = "Jones";
  saNames[ 4, 0] = "Adam";
  saNames[ 4, 1] = "Johnson";

//Fill A2:B6 with an array of values (First and Last Names).
  oSheet.get_Range("A2", "B6").Value2 = saNames;

//Fill C2:C6 with a relative formula (=A2 & " " & B2).
  oRng = oSheet.get_Range("C2", "C6");
  oRng.Formula = "=A2 & \" \" & B2";

//Fill D2:D6 with a formula(=RAND()*100000) and apply format.
  oRng = oSheet.get_Range("D2", "D6");
  oRng.Formula = "=RAND()*100000";
  oRng.NumberFormat = "$0.00";

//AutoFit columns A:D.
  oRng = oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1");
  oRng.EntireColumn.AutoFit();

//Manipulate a variable number of columns for Quarterly Sales Data.
  DisplayQuarterlySales(oSheet);

//Make sure Excel is visible and give the user control
  //of Microsoft Excel's lifetime.
  oXL.Visible = true;
  oXL.UserControl = true;
 }
 catch( Exception theException )
 {
  String errorMessage;
  errorMessage = "Error: ";
  errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Message );
  errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, " Line: " );
  errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Source );

MessageBox.Show( errorMessage, "Error" );
 }
}

private void DisplayQuarterlySales(Excel._Worksheet oWS)
{
 Excel._Workbook oWB;
 Excel.Series oSeries;
 Excel.Range oResizeRange;
 Excel._Chart oChart;
 String sMsg;
 int iNumQtrs;

//Determine how many quarters to display data for.
 for( iNumQtrs = 4; iNumQtrs >= 2; iNumQtrs--)
 {
  sMsg = "Enter sales data for ";
  sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
  sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)?");

DialogResult iRet = MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales?",
   MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );
  if (iRet == DialogResult.Yes)
   break;
 }

sMsg = "Displaying data for ";
 sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
 sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)." );

MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales" );

//Starting at E1, fill headers for the number of columns selected.
 oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E1").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
 oResizeRange.Formula = "=\"Q\" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10) & \"Sales\"";

//Change the Orientation and WrapText properties for the headers.
 oResizeRange.Orientation = 38;
 oResizeRange.WrapText = true;

//Fill the interior color of the headers.
 oResizeRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 36;

//Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format.
 oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
 oResizeRange.Formula = "=RAND()*100";
 oResizeRange.NumberFormat = "$0.00";

//Apply borders to the Sales data and headers.
 oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
 oResizeRange.Borders.Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;

//Add a Totals formula for the sales data and apply a border.
 oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E8", "E8").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
 oResizeRange.Formula = "=SUM(E2:E6)";
 oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).LineStyle
  = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlDouble;
 oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).Weight
  = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThick;

//Add a Chart for the selected data.
 oWB = (Excel._Workbook)oWS.Parent;
 oChart = (Excel._Chart)oWB.Charts.Add( Missing.Value, Missing.Value,
  Missing.Value, Missing.Value );

//Use the ChartWizard to create a new chart from the selected data.
 oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2:E6", Missing.Value ).get_Resize(
  Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
 oChart.ChartWizard( oResizeRange, Excel.XlChartType.xl3DColumn, Missing.Value,
  Excel.XlRowCol.xlColumns, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value,
  Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
 oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(1);
 oSeries.XValues = oWS.get_Range("A2", "A6");
 for( int iRet = 1; iRet <= iNumQtrs; iRet++)
 {
  oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(iRet);
  String seriesName;
  seriesName = "=\"Q";
  seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, iRet );
  seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, "\"" );
  oSeries.Name = seriesName;
 }

oChart.Location( Excel.XlChartLocation.xlLocationAsObject, oWS.Name );

//Move the chart so as not to cover your data.
 oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Rows.get_Item(10, Missing.Value );
 oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Top = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Top;
 oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Columns.get_Item(2, Missing.Value );
 oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Left = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Left;
}

7. 滚动到代码窗口的顶部。将下面的代码行添加到 using 指令列表的末尾：using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
using System.Reflection;

对自动化客户端进行测试
1. 按 F5 生成并运行该程序。
2. 在窗体上，单击 Button1。该程序将启动 Excel 并将数据填充到一个新的工作表中。
3. 在提示您输入季度销售数据时，单击是。一个链接到季度数据的图表就会被添加到工作表中